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Countries in Soviet Union | USSR Status & Countries List

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Countries in Soviet Union

Countries in Soviet Union – रूसी सैनिकों ने यूक्रेन के तट पर आक्रमण कर दिया है। रॉयटर्स के अनुसार, रूसी गोलाबारी में हताहत और मौतें हुई हैं। वर्तमान में, वर्तमान भू-राजनीतिक घटना का सबसे बड़ा अनुत्तरित प्रश्न व्लादिमीर पुतिन की प्रेरणा है। पुतिन के कार्य इस धारणा का समर्थन करते प्रतीत होते हैं कि पूर्व सोवियत संघ क्षेत्र को पुनः प्राप्त करना पुतिन का लक्ष्य है। रूसी नेता के अपने शब्द इस दावे का समर्थन करते हैं। यहां आपको सोवियत संघ के देशों के बारे में जानकारी मिलेगी।

Countries in Soviet Union

सोवियत संघ में देश – Countries in Soviet Union

1991 में सोवियत संघ के पतन के बाद, सोवियत संघ के बाद के पंद्रह और बीस संप्रभु राज्यों के बीच माना जाता है। उन्हें विदेश में निकट कहा जाता है (रूसी: blizhneye zarubezhye; romanized: blizhneye sovetskiy), निकट विदेश से एक नाम।

इसमें कोई संदेह नहीं था कि शीत युद्ध के दौरान रूसियों को सोवियत संघ के प्रमुख उत्तराधिकारी राज्य के रूप में देखा जाता था। यूक्रेनी एसएसआर और सोवियत संघ ने भी यूक्रेन को अपना उत्तराधिकारी घोषित किया है, जिनकी संपत्तियां अभी भी अनिश्चित हैं।

यूरोपीय संघ के अधिकारियों ने सोवियत संघ के बाद के देशों से अपने संघ के साथ एसोसिएशन समझौतों की पुष्टि करने का आह्वान किया है। उन्होंने तर्क दिया कि मार्च और मई 1990 के बीच अपनी स्वतंत्रता का दावा करके 1940 में सोवियत संघ के विलय से पहले वे मूल बाल्टिक राज्यों की निरंतरता थे। अपनी स्वतंत्रता की घोषणा करने के बाद, उन्होंने सोवियत संघ से अपनी स्वतंत्रता की घोषणा की। सीआईएस 13 गैर-बाल्टिक राज्यों के समूह के रूप में शुरू हुआ, और उनमें से अधिकतर राज्य सामूहिक सुरक्षा संधि संगठन में शामिल हो गए। इसके विपरीत, बाल्टिक राज्यों ने यूरोपीय संघ की सदस्यता और नाटो सदस्यता पर ध्यान केंद्रित किया।

USSR देशों की सूची और स्थिति

सोवियत समाजवादी गणराज्य, जो 1922 से 1991 तक अस्तित्व में था, एक समाजवादी राष्ट्र था। बाल्टिक से लेकर प्रशांत तक, यह 22,402,200 वर्ग किमी (8,649,500 वर्ग मील) से अधिक पर स्थित है, जो इसे क्षेत्रफल के हिसाब से दुनिया का सबसे बड़ा देश बनाता है। इसकी सीमाओं के भीतर रहने वाली 100 राष्ट्रीयताओं की आबादी और दुनिया के 24 समय क्षेत्रों में से 11 के साथ, मास्को राजधानी है। जबकि USSR नाममात्र रूप से कई राष्ट्रीय गणराज्यों का एक संघ था, इसकी अर्थव्यवस्था और सरकार अपने अंतिम वर्षों में अत्यधिक केंद्रीकृत थी।
सोवियत सोशलिस्ट रिपब्लिक का संघ 1922 में रूस, यूक्रेन, बेलारूस और ट्रांसकेशस (आधुनिक जॉर्जिया, आर्मेनिया और अजरबैजान) के बीच एक समझौते के माध्यम से स्थापित किया गया था।

1917 में, रूसी क्रांति ने USSR को जन्म दिया। पूर्व रूसी साम्राज्य के क्षेत्र में, बोल्शेविकों ने एक समाजवादी राज्य बनाया। बाद के वर्षों में एक खूनी गृहयुद्ध कई वर्षों तक चला। “हम एक नए युग में प्रवेश कर चुके हैं,” गोर्बाचेव ने क्रिसमस दिवस 1991 पर घोषणा की, और सोवियत संघ को नष्ट कर दिया गया। गोर्बाचेव ने इस्तीफा दे दिया। USSR कई कारणों से ध्वस्त हो गया।

इतिहासकारों के अनुसार, ग्लासनोस्ट और पेरेस्त्रोइका सहित श्री गोर्बाचेव ने जो सुधार किए, वे अंततः सोवियत संघ के पतन को गति देंगे। 1980 के दशक के अंत में शुरू हुए ग्लासनोस्ट का उद्देश्य सरकार को और अधिक पारदर्शी बनाना था। पेरेस्त्रोइका में संघर्षरत अर्थव्यवस्था को पुनर्जीवित करने के लिए आर्थिक सुधार शामिल थे। हालाँकि, इन सुधारों का परिणाम अधिक कमी और आर्थिक कठिनाई का उदय था, जो अंततः सोवियत संघ के टूटने का कारण बना।

USSR देशों की सूची 2022 – Countries in Soviet Union

सोवियत नेता ने दिसंबर 1988 में संयुक्त राष्ट्र में घोषणा की कि सोवियत सशस्त्र बलों से आधे मिलियन पुरुषों को काट दिया जाएगा और पूर्वी यूरोप से दसियों हज़ार टैंक हटा दिए जाएंगे। USSR के कुप्रबंधित वित्त ने इसे बाहरी कारकों जैसे तेल की कीमतों में उतार-चढ़ाव के लिए उजागर किया। इसके अतिरिक्त, बड़े पैमाने पर रक्षा खर्च के अलावा, गरीबी से प्रभावित जीवन स्तर पे विचार करने के लिए एक दूसरा कारण था।

सोवियत संघ द्वारा सैन्य मामलों पर नियंत्रण ढीला करने के बाद, पड़ोसी वारसॉ संधि देशों ने अधिक स्वायत्तता की मांग की। ये विकास चेकोस्लोवाकिया, पोलैंड, हंगरी, रोमानिया और बुल्गारिया जैसे देशों में कम्युनिस्ट शासन के पतन के बाद हुआ। बर्लिन की दीवार गिरी और साथ ही जर्मनी का एकीकरण भी हुआ। 1991 में, सोवियत संघ के पतन के बाद यूक्रेन ने अपनी स्वतंत्रता प्राप्त की।

ऊपर विभिन्न रंगों में पहले से ही कई स्वतंत्र राज्य दिखाए गए थे, और कई और लंबे समय तक अशांति और विद्रोह के बाद स्वतंत्रता की घोषणा करने वाले थे।

USSR से अलग हुए प्रमुख क्षेत्रों की सूची निम्नलिखित है:Countries in Soviet Union

USSR Subdivision Present Day Country Seceded from the USSR
Estonian SSR Estonia 8 May 1990
Lithuanian SSR Lithuania 11 March 1990
Latvian SSR Latvia 4 May 1990
Azerbaijan SSR Azerbaijan 30 August 1991
Georgian SSR Georgia 9 April 1991
Russian SFSR Russian ederation 12 December 1991
Uzbek SSR Uzbekistan 31 August 1991
Moldavian SSR Moldova 27 August 1991
Ukrainian SSR Ukraine 24 August 1991
Byelorussian SSR Belarus 10 December 1991
Turkmen SSR Turkmenistan 27 October 1991
Armenian SSR Armenia 21 September 1991
Tajik SSR Tajikistan 9 September 1991
Kazakh SSR Kazakhstan 16 December 1991
Kirghiz SSR Kyrgyzstan 31 August 1991

 

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